What Is Onyx?
Onyx is a type of chalcedony & chalcedony isa form of microcrystalline quartz. Onyx is one of the most striking and fascinating natural gemstones found on Earth. Known for its smooth texture, deep colours and dramatic bands.
Onyx stones have layers of color, which allow skilled gem carvers to cut away material to create cameos & intaglios with extraordinary depth and contrast.
Onyx Colour
The stone is usually recognized by its layered appearance, often displaying alternating bands of black and white, although it can also occur in shades of brown, red, green & blue.
Black onyx, the most famous variety, has a deep and polished shine that conveys sophistication and luxury. Only rarely does black onyx occur with layers thick enough that it can be cut into a stone for use in jewellery - for this reason - most black onyx available on the market is dyed black & this is a well accepted practice in the market.
(The photo above shows a Lucy Jurado black onyx ring with a cluster of pearls in contrast)
Stones with a black base & a white upper layer are known as Arabic onyx, these are the classic onyx that the beautiful cameos are carved from.
Green onyx, another popular type, offers a softer and more vibrant appearance often associated with freshness and calmness.
Sardonyx is a distinctive variety that exhibits brownish red and white or black bands. Often used in cameos & intaglios.
The History Of Onyx
Because of its beauty and durability, onyx has remained popular across many civilizations and cultures throughout history.
The name onyx comes from the Greek word - ‘onychos’ - which means nail, fingernail or claw. Ancient Roman legends claimed that the stone was created from the fingernails of the goddess Venus. Onyx was popular in ancient Roman civilisations & it was often carved into cameos & intaglios because its layered structure made detailing & engraving easier. Warriors often carried onyx into battle because they believed it encouraged bravery, strength, and protection.
In ancient Egyptian culture it was believed to possess protective qualities making it a popular choice for amulets placed in tombs, often thought to ward off evil spirits. It was popular in jewellery pieces & other household items too.
Onyx’s associations with protective powers continued with medieval beliefs. Onyx was commonly used in the creation of amulets & talismans. Throughout the renaissance period the interest piqued again for ancient techniques of cameo & intaglio carvings. The Victorian era equally saw an uplift in the demand for onyx that celebrated onyx’s contrasting colours.
Is onyx a durable gemstone?
Onyx can make a durable gemstone for daily jewellery wear with mo cleavage & its tough tenacity.
The stone is a 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it hard enough to resist scratches from household dust.
Other Uses For Onyx
Beyond jewelry, onyx has also played a major role in architecture and interior design. Large slabs of polished onyx are used for walls, countertops, floors, fireplaces, and decorative panels. Because some forms of onyx are translucent, designers sometimes place lighting behind the stone to create a glowing effect. This use of illuminated onyx can transform ordinary spaces into luxurious and dramatic environments. Luxury hotels and upscale homes often feature onyx because of the elegance and artistic value it brings.
How & where does onyx form?
The process of forming onyx typically takes place over millions of years. It develops in the cavities of volcanic rocks where silica-rich water slowly deposits layers of minerals. These layers eventually harden into the banded patterns characteristic of the stone. Different mineral impurities create variations in color and appearance.
Major sources of onyx today include countries such as Brazil, India, Madagascar and the United States.
How should you clean onyx?
It is recommended to clean onyx with mild soap, warm water, and a soft cloth. Harsh chemicals and sudden temperature changes should be avoided because they may damage the stone’s surface. Proper storage is also important since onyx can be scratched by harder gemstones like diamonds. Exposure to sunlight may also gradually fade dyed stones.